West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a
vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and …

Highlights•West Nile virus (WNV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus in the
world.•Culex spp. are primarily responsible for enzootic transmission to birds and human …

Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has
become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped …

West Nile virus (WNV) has historically been considered among the least virulent members of
the Japanese serogroup complex (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus). The WNV natural …

West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe,
lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its …

Abiotic and biotic conditions are both important determinants of West Nile Fever (WNF)
epidemiology. Ambient temperature plays an important role in the growth rates of vector …

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed of the encephalitic flaviviruses and is a
major cause of encephalitis, with isolates obtained from all continents, apart from Antarctica …

Since first introduced to North America in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread rapidly
across the continent, threatening wildlife populations and posing serious health risks to …

West Nile virus (WNV)(Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world.
A significant range expansion occurred beginning in 1999 when the virus was introduced …

West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus. It is widely distributed in Africa, the
Middle East, Asia, and southern Europe and was recently introduced to North America. Birds …