Simple Summary The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears
considerable clinical promise. The role of NK cells in tumor immunosurveillance and their …

Monoclonal antibodies that target specific ligand-receptor signaling pathways and act as
immune checkpoint inhibitors have been designed to remove the brakes in T cells and …

The cross talk between immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment leads
to immunosuppression, which promotes tumor growth and survival. Immunotherapy is an …

Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that
the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with antibodies targeting CTLA-4
(Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Antigen 4) and/or programmed death-1 protein (PD-1)/programmed …

During the host immune response, the precise balance of the immune system, regulated by
immune checkpoint, is required to avoid infection and cancer. These immune checkpoints …

Simple Summary Recent years marked the discovery and increased understanding of the
role immune checkpoints play in immunity against cancer. This has revolutionized cancer …

Simple Summary Targeting the inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells has
revolutionized the clinical management of cancer patients. Initially developed to enhance T …

While immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many types of advanced cancer,
most patients still do not derive benefit. The currently available immune checkpoint inhibitors …

Immune checkpoints or coinhibitory receptors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen
(CTLA)-4 and programmed death (PD)-1, play important roles in regulating T cell responses …