Advances in water treatment technologies paired with potential restrictions on oil and gas
(O&G) produced water disposal could incentivize the beneficial reuse of treated produced …

Highlights•Current applications of PW treatment and reuse in the United States are
studied.•Opportunities for broad PW reuse inside and outside O&G fields are emphasized.• …

The petroleum industry produces a large amount of wastewater, known as produced water
(PW), during oil production and processing. This PW contains hazardous organic and …

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing (HF), or “fracking,” is the driving force behind the “shale gas
revolution,” completely transforming the United States energy industry over the last two …

Produced water is by far the largest volume by-product or waste stream associated with oil
and gas exploration and production. Because of the large volumes involved, management of …

In many areas of the Rocky Mountain and Mid-Continent regions of the US, produced water
management is a major factor in the feasibility of oil and gas field development. These are …

This chapter comprehensively discusses produced water in oil and gas fields. The origin, the
characteristic, and the production of produced water are considered to facilitate the …

Due to the constraint of fresh water, the reuse of flowback and produced water (FPW) with
high TDS, is critical to minimize the environmental impact of oil/gas exploration. The …

Process water treatment has become a critical issue for Canada's oil sands industry.
Continuous recycling of tailings pond water (TPW) has contributed to a decline in water …

Produced water is mainly salty water trapped in the reservoir rock and brought up along with
oil or gas during production. Almost all offshore oilfields produce large quantities of …