Abstract ARNSTEN, AFT, MKP Joyce and AC Roberts. The Aversive Lens: Stress effects on
the prefrontal-cingulate cortical pathways that regulate emotion. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV …

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful new tools for assaying the brain
and a remarkable acceleration of research focused on the interplay of emotion and …

Negative affect is a fundamental dimension of human emotion. When extreme, it contributes
to a variety of adverse outcomes, from physical and mental illness to divorce and premature …

Anxious individuals consistently fail in controlling emotional behavior, leading to excessive
avoidance, a trait that prevents learning through exposure. Although the origin of this failure …

Chronic stress-induced emotional disorders like anxiety and depression involve imbalances
between the excitatory glutamatergic system and the inhibitory GABAergic system in the …

Although depressed mood is a normal occurrence in response to adversity in all individuals,
what distinguishes those who are vulnerable to major depressive disorder (MDD) is their …

Stress alters both cognitive and emotional function, and increases risk for a variety of
psychological disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The …

Fear and anxiety are adaptive responses but if left unregulated, or inappropriately regulated,
they become biologically and socially maladaptive. Dysregulated emotions are manifest in a …

Background Impaired regulation of emotional responses to potential threat is a core feature
of affective disorders. However, while the subcortical circuitry responsible for processing and …

Clinical anxiety is associated with generalization of conditioned fear, in which innocuous
stimuli elicit alarm. Using Pavlovian fear conditioning (electric shock), we quantify …