Tongue function can affect both the oral and pharyngeal stages of the swallowing process,
and proper tongue strength is vital for safe oropharyngeal swallowing. This trial investigated …

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured program of
resistance training for the tongue in order to improve swallowing function in stroke patients …

Background Effortful swallowing training (EST) is a remedial method for the training of
swallowing‐related muscles in the oropharyngeal phase. However, clinical evidence of its …

Tongue pressure strength and accuracy training (TPSAT) has been proposed as an
intervention to improve dysphagia. However, the effects of TPSAT on dysphagia in subacute …

The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of two tongue resistance training
protocols. One protocol (“tongue-pressure profile training”) emphasized the pressure-timing …

Lingual resistance training has been proposed as an intervention to improve decreased
tongue pressure strength and endurance in patients with dysphagia. However, little is known …

[Purpose] This study was conducted to identify the effects of expiratory muscle strength
training on swallowing function in acute stroke patients with dysphagia.[Subjects and …

BACKGROUND: Recently, chin tuck against resistance exercise (CTAR) has been reported
as a remedial treatment for pharyngeal dysphagia. However, the clinical evidence of the …

BACKGROUND: Recently, resistance expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) has been
reported as a remedial treatment for dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of …

Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) involves forcible blowing as a means of
generating high expiratory pressure, against adjustable resistance. EMST has recently been …