Abstract Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30 years ago and were
immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 …

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are related cytokines that regulate many aspects of allergic
inflammation. They play important roles in regulating the responses of lymphocytes, myeloid …

The incidence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased in recent decades, and it is
socially and medically important to establish more useful strategies to overcome allergic …

Continuing Medical Education examination IL-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted
predominantly by activated TH2 cells. Over the past several years, it has become evident …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) exhibits many biological and immunoregulatory functions on B
lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and fibroblasts. The IL-4 gene is located on …

IL-13 is a relatively novel cytokine produced by activated T cells. IL-13 inhibits the
production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by activated monocytes, induces B …

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a four-α-helical bundle type I cytokine with broad pleiotropic
actions on multiple lineages. Major actions of IL-4 were initially discovered for B and T cells …

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a critical mediator of asthma pathology. On B cells, monocytes,
epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, IL-13 acts through the IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα complex to …

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) as a pleiotropic cytokine acts through the IL-13Ra1/IL-4Ra complex to
induce activation responses which contribute to the inflammatory diseases. Genetic …

For the first time, allergic diseases have emerged as major public health concerns. Highly
effective therapies for allergic disease now exist, but are plagued by serious side effects and …