Abstract Aims Both CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) and melatonin have been
reported to induce Th1 response and contribute to allergic asthma resistance. Here, we …

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is suggested to initiate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,
and considered to be involved in asthma. The findings that melatonin modulates TLRs …

Chronic airway inflammation is a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Previous studies demonstrated that melatonin had a protective effect …

Tobacco smoke exposure is a major environmental risk factor that facilitates the
development and progression of asthma. Our previous study showed that CpG …

Allergic asthma is one of most famous allergic diseases, which develops lung and airway
inflammation. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between the pathology of …

Purpose: The pathological process of atopic dermatitis (AD) progressing into other types of
allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis during the first several years of life is …

Over the past few years, ozone has been identified as a potential risk factor for exacerbating
asthma. However, few attempts have been made to prevent the progression of ozone …

Cigarette smoking (CS) is common in asthma, aggravating inflammatory reactions. However,
the current treatment strategies for asthma are still not effective enough, and novel …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases
such as asthma. TLR9 is one of the most extensively studied TLRs as an approach to treat …

Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinically
severe respiratory disorder, and no effective therapy is available. Melatonin (MEL), an …