Major goals and objectives: Detection and confirmation of human exposure to drugs typically
relies on measurement of parent compounds or specific metabolites in blood, urine, or an …

The project anticipated that such tools would enable drug exposure assessment for these
compounds over a longer period of time than is currently possible, as well as provide an …

Abuse of drugs is associated with numerous medical, social, and legal problems.'Drugs of
abuse'testing is therefore an important task in forensic toxicology and related fields. It is …

Analysis of human hair is purported to provide evidence of the use or lack of use of drugs of
abuse. According to some investigators, the extent and timing of drug exposure may also be …

Drug abuse in different populations varies substantially, and the costs to society are
immense. Correct diagnosis of abuse is a key first step in dealing with drug users' problems …

The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) drug testing standards were
published in 1988 and revised in 1994, 1998, and 2004. In 2004, significant revisions …

Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology is an essential reference for toxicologists
working with, and researching, hair analysis. The text presents a review of the most up-to …

Introduction: Head hair analysis for drugs and drug metabolites has been used widely with
the aim of detecting exposure in the weeks or months prior to sample collection. However …

Hair analysis is capable of determining both an individual's long‐term drug history and a
single exposure to a drug, which can be particularly important for corroborating incidents of …

A wide variety of body fluid specimens have been utilized for analysis for the presence of
drugs of abuse. Urine has been and remains the most widely used body fluid specimen for …