To characterize patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for functional studies, we made whole-
genome comparisons with originating breast cancers representative of the major intrinsic …

Bypassing estrogen receptor (ER) signaling during development of endocrine resistance
remains the most common cause of disease progression and mortality in breast cancer …

Background Mutations in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) 1 gene (ESR1) are frequently
detected in ER+ metastatic breast cancer, and there is increasing evidence that these …

Drugs that inhibit estrogen receptor-α (ER) activity have been highly successful in treating
and reducing breast cancer progression in ER-positive disease. However, resistance to …

Background Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is incurable, with a 5-year survival rate of 28%.
In the USA, more than 42,000 patients die from MBC every year. The most common type of …

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women, and over two-thirds of cases express
estrogen receptor-α (ER-α, encoded by ESR1). Through a prospective clinical sequencing …

Resistance to endocrine therapy remains a major clinical problem in breast cancer. Genetic
studies highlight the potential role of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) mutations, which show …

The effectiveness of therapies targeting specific pathways in breast cancer, such as the
estrogen receptor or HER2, is limited because many tumors manifest resistance, either de …

Constitutively active estrogen receptor α (ER/ESR1) mutations have been identified in
approximately one-third of ER+ metastatic breast cancers. Although these mutations are …

Estrogen receptor α (ER) ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutations are found in a substantial
number of endocrine treatment-resistant metastatic ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers. We …