Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with a high burden of
both pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities. Research Question Do these …

Background: Previous observational studies have investigated the association between
endocrine and metabolic factors and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet have produced …

Smoking has been considered a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in
observational studies. To assess whether smoking plays a causal role in IPF, we performed …

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex lung disease characterized by
scarring of the lung that is believed to result from an atypical response to injury of the …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition with poor survival times. We
previously published a genome-wide meta-analysis of IPF risk across three studies with …

Background Although the association between hypothyroidism and idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) is found in observational studies, it remains uncertain whether hypothyroidism …

Background The question as to whether or not diabetes mellitus increases the risk of
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the …

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, irreversible, and progressive disease
of the lungs. Common genetic variants, in addition to nongenetic factors, have been …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with
high mortality, uncertain cause, and few treatment options. Studies have identified a …

Background Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many
genomic regions associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the causal genes and …