Conventional reinforcers phasically stimulate dopamine transmission in the nucleus
accumbens shell. This property undergoes one‐trial habituation consistent with a role of …

Natural rewards preferentially stimulate dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens
shell. This effect undergoes adaptive changes (one-trial habituation, inhibition by appetitive …

Drug addiction can be conceptualized as a disturbance of behavior motivated by drug-
conditioned incentives. This abnormality has been explained by Incentive-Sensitization and …

The effects of drugs and substances of abuse on central dopamine (DA) transmission
studied by in vivo monitoring techniques have been examined and compared with those of …

Microdialysis studies in animals have shown that addictive drugs preferentially increase
extracellular dopamine (DA) in the n. accumbens (NAc). Brain imaging studies, while …

Dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens has been implicated in associative
reinforcement learning. We investigated the effect of appetitive classical conditioning on …

Highly palatable food and drugs of abuse share the ability to stimulate dopamine
transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. However, while in the case of food this …

Experimental impairment of dopamine function by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions or by
dopamine receptor antagonists shows that dopamine is involved in nicotine's discriminative …

Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is
usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal …

Evidence has extensively implicated the amygdala in the associative learning process for
appetitive reinforcers. Recent interest has focused on the role of the amygdala in the learned …