β-blockers is a vast group of antiarrhythmic drugs which differ in their pharmacokinetic and
chemical properties. Some of them block β-adrenergic receptors selectively while the others …

Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs were conceived by Sir James Black when he reasoned that
a drug to inhibit the effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation and catecholamines on the heart …

β-Adrenergic blockers have a wide spectrum of action for controlling cardiac arrhythmias
that is larger than initially thought. Data from the past several decades indicate that, as an …

Beta-blockers are a heterogeneous group of antihypertensive agents. What they have in
common is competitive antagonistic action on beta-adrenoreceptors (B1, B2 and B3). They …

Objectives Beta-blockers have long been successfully used for the treatment of both
supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. However, differences exist between their …

Beta-blockers are the cornerstone of treatment for various cardiovascular conditions.
Although their effects have classically been considered to be driven by their antagonistic …

Beta-blockers are widely used molecules that are able to antagonize β-adrenergic receptors
(ARs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and receive their stimulus from …

The role of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists in cardiovascular therapy has been the
subject of various studies over time, these agents representing one of the oldest class of …

Beta-blockers (BBs) are an important class of drugs, with numerous indications in
cardiology, emergency and general medicine. The indications include heart failure (HF) …

Borja Ibáñez, MD, PHD, a, b, c Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin, MD, PHD, d José M. García-Ruiz,
MD a, c, e b-Blockers are one of the most exciting classes of drugs in the armamentarium of …