Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove
catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases …

Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

Topoisomerases are complex molecular machines that modulate DNA topology to maintain
chromosome superstructure and integrity. Although capable of stand-alone activity in vitro …

Topoisomerases play a pivotal role in ensuring DNA metabolisms during replication,
transcription and chromosomal segregation. To manage DNA topology, topoisomerases …

DNA topoisomerases participate in nearly all events relating to DNA metabolism including
replication, transcription, and chromosome segregation. Recent studies in eukaryotic cells …

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that disentangle the topological problems that arise in
double-stranded DNA. Many of these can be solved by the generation of either single or …

Eukaryotic type II topoisomerases (Top2α and Top2β) are homodimeric enzymes; they are
essential for altering DNA topology by the formation of normally transient double strand DNA …

Recent molecular studies have expanded the biological contexts in which topoisomerase II
(TOP2) has crucial functions, including DNA replication, transcription and chromosome …

To resolve the topological problems that threaten the function and structural integrity of
nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and RNA molecules, human cells encode six different …

Topoisomerase I is a ubiquitous and essential enzyme in multicellular organisms. It is
involved in multiple DNA transactions including DNA replication, transcription, chromosome …