Body wasting is a serious complication that affects a large proportion of patients with heart
failure. Muscle wasting, also known as sarcopenia, is the loss of muscle mass and strength …

Cachexia in the context of heart failure (HF) has been termed cardiac cachexia, and
represents a progressive involuntary weight loss. Cachexia is mainly the result of an …

Cardiac cachexia is a serious complication of chronic heart failure which is characterized by
complex changes that overall lead to a catabolic/anabolic imbalance resulting in body …

Sarcopenia (muscle wasting) and cachexia share some pathophysiological aspects.
Sarcopenia affects approximately 20%, cachexia< 10% of ambulatory patients with heart …

The last several years have seen increasing interest in understanding cachexia, muscle
wasting, and physical frailty across the broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular …

Patients with heart failure are frequently limited in their exercise capacity. Although this
clinical phenomenon is mostly attributed to the failing myocardium, the effects of skeletal …

Many hypotheses have been used to explain the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cardiac
cachexia. Cardiac cachexia is a multifactorial disorder, and the targeting of different …

Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of various cardiac diseases, and its incidence
constantly increases. This is caused mainly by aging of populations and improvement in the …

Cardiac cachexia (CC) is the clinical entity at the end of the chronic natural course of heart
failure (HF). Despite the efforts, even the most recent definition of cardiac cachexia has been …

Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by skeletal muscle disturbances such as loss of
muscle mass, quality, strength, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly …