Transcription in the nucleus occurs in a concentrated, dense environment, and no
reasonable biochemical facsimile of this milieu exists. Such a biochemical environment …

Nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing each
depend on the concerted action of many different protein and RNA molecules. How …

Distinct clusters of RNA polymerase II are responsible for gene transcription inside
eukaryotic cell nuclei. Despite the functional implications of such subnuclear organization …

Models of gene control have emerged from genetic and biochemical studies, with limited
consideration of the spatial organization and dynamics of key components in living cells. We …

Transcription is reported to be spatially compartmentalized in nuclear transcription factories
with clusters of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). However, little is known about when these foci …

Activating the right gene at the right time and place is essential for development. Emerging
evidence suggests that this process is regulated by the mesoscale compartmentalization of …

In the eukaryotic nucleus, genes are transcribed in transcription factories. In the present
review, we re-evaluate the models of transcription factories in the light of recent and older …

Macroscopic membraneless organelles containing RNA such as the nucleoli, germ
granules, and the Cajal body have been known for decades. These biomolecular …

Recent studies invoke phase separation as a mechanism underlying the formation of
'transcriptional condensates'. However, similarities between transcriptional condensates and …

The assembly of the transcription machinery is a key step in gene activation, but even basic
details of this process remain unclear. Here we discuss the apparent discrepancy between …