Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer with age an early immunosenescence process,
which influence the treatment response and increase the risk of infections. We explored …

Background and Objectives In MS, an age-related decline in disease activity and a
decreased efficacy of disease-modifying treatment have been linked to immunosenescence …

Antigen-induced T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence are peripheral regulatory
mechanisms that control effector T-cell responses. Markers of exhaustion and senescence …

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of innate and adaptive immune responses,
called immunosenescence. This phenomenon links to different multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background Immunosenescence (ISC) describes age-related changes in immune-system
composition and function. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong inflammatory condition …

A large body of data indicates that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which
is initiated by CD4+ T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells that are reactive against proteins in the …

The pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the
loss of immune tolerance to self-neuroantigens. A deterioration in immune tolerance is …

The number of elderly multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is growing, mainly due to the increase
in the life expectancy of the general population and the availability of effective disease …

Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular
senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and …

Multiple sclerosis is classified as an inflammatory cell-mediated autoimmune disease
directed against central nervous system myelin. Different stages of disease appear to be …