People with pale skin, red hair, freckles and an inability to tan—the 'red hair/fair
skin'phenotype—are at highest risk of developing melanoma, compared to all other …

Abstract Ultraviolet-light (UV)-induced tanning is defective in numerous 'fair-
skinned'individuals, many of whom contain functional disruption of the melanocortin 1 …

Melanin pigmentation protects the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation
(UVR). There are two types of melanin, the red phaeome-lanin and the black eumelanin …

Pigmentary traits such as red hair, fair skin, lack of tanning ability and propensity to freckle
(the RHC phenotype) have been identified as genetic risk factors for both melanoma and …

Cutaneous melanoma is epidemiologically linked to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but the
molecular mechanisms by which UVR drives melanomagenesis remain unclear,. The most …

Cutaneous pigmentation is determined by the amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin
synthesized by epidermal melanocytes and is known to protect against sun-induced DNA …

Susceptibility to sunburn, photoageing, and skin cancer is inversely related to an individual's
ability to tan after sun exposure. We examined variants in the melanocortin-1-receptor …

Humans vary> 100-fold in their sensitivity to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. The
main determinants of sensitivity are melanin pigmentation and less-well-characterized …

Germline variants in MC1R, the gene encoding the melanocortin-1 receptor, and sun
exposure increase risk for melanoma in Caucasians. The majority of melanomas that occur …

The major genetic determinants of cutaneous melanoma risk in the general population are
disruptive variants (R alleles) in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene. These alleles are …