The history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution and the diversity of the
environmental resistome indicate that AMR is an ancient natural phenomenon. Acquired …

Over the millennia, microorganisms have evolved evasion strategies to overcome a myriad
of chemical and environmental challenges, including antimicrobial drugs. Even before the …

Antibiotic natural products are ancient and so is resistance. Consequently, environmental
bacteria harbor numerous and varied antibiotic resistance elements. Nevertheless, despite …

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue of growing proportions. All antibiotics are
susceptible to resistance. The evidence is now clear that the environment is the single …

Antibiotics have always been considered one of the wonder discoveries of the 20th century.
This is true, but the real wonder is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, communities …

Antibiotic resistance is a natural feature of diverse microbial ecosystems. Although recent
studies of the antibiotic resistome have highlighted barriers to the horizontal transfer of …

Antibiotics are essential for both treating and preventing infectious diseases. Paradoxically,
despite their importance as pillars of modern medicine, we are in danger of losing antibiotics …

44 American Scientist, Volume 102 evolves in specific bacteria, as well as how it gets
passed between different bacteria and between different environments. We are still a long …

In the struggle with antibiotic resistance, we are losing. There is now a serious threat of
moving into a postantibiotic world. High levels of resistance, in terms of both frequency and …

Conspectus Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats faced by
humankind. The development of resistance in clinical and hospital settings has been well …