Cardiac cachexia (CC) is the clinical entity at the end of the chronic natural course of heart
failure (HF). Despite the efforts, even the most recent definition of cardiac cachexia has been …

Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of various cardiac diseases, and its incidence
constantly increases. This is caused mainly by aging of populations and improvement in the …

Cachexia has been known to physicians since ancient Greek times as a 'signum mali ominis'
in various diseases indicating end stage disease and poor quality of life. Cardiac cachexia is …

Cachexia is a multifactorial disease characterized by a pathologic shift of metabolism
towards a more catabolic state. It frequently occurs in patients with chronic diseases such as …

Cardiac cachexia is a serious complication of chronic heart failure which is characterized by
complex changes that overall lead to a catabolic/anabolic imbalance resulting in body …

Background The awareness of cardiac cachexia, ie involuntary weight loss in patients with
underlying cardiovascular disease, has increased over the last two decades. Methods and …

Cardiac cachexia is a muscle wasting process that often develops in those with chronic
heart failure resulting in weight loss, low levels of physical activity, reduced quality of life …

The combination of profound muscle wasting and severe weight loss that occurs in heart
failure is a complex phenomenon that involves the interplay of numerous factors. In this …

Cardiac cachexia as a terminal stage of chronic heart failure carries a poor prognosis. The
definition of this clinical syndrome has been a matter of debate in recent years. This review …

Cachexia is a prevalent pathological condition associated with chronic heart failure. Its
occurrence predicts increased morbidity and mortality independent of important clinical …