Reactive species are highly-reactive enzymatically, or non-enzymatically produced
compounds with important roles in physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes …

Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and
others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and …

The influence of modern lifestyle, diet, exposure to chemicals such as phytosanitary
substances, together with sedentary lifestyles and lack of exercise play an important role in …

Reactive oxygen species are not only harmful agents that cause oxidative damage in
pathologies, they also have important roles as regulatory agents in a range of biological …

Over the past 40 years, there has been a tremendous amount of research on the dual role of
free radicals as both toxic and beneficial species. Free radicals are produced as by-products …

A radical is any molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons. Radicals are normal
products of many metabolic pathways. Some exist in a controlled (caged) form as they …

Free radicals (FRs) have gained significant attention in the field of biology and medicine due
to their “double-edged sword roles” in numerous physiological processes as well as their …

A radical is any molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons. Radicals are
normally generated in many metabolic pathways. Some of these radicals can exist in a free …

Over the past few decades, free radicals, highly reactive and thereby destructive molecules,
are known increasingly for their importance to human health and disease. Many common …

Free radicals and related species have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years.
They are mainly derived form oxygen (reactive oxygen species/ROS) and nitrogen (reactive …