Although neck and low-back pain are common sources of neuropathic pain with high
societal costs, the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is not well-defined. Traditionally …

A major portion of individuals affected by traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) experience one
or more types of chronic neuropathic pain (NP), which is often intractable to currently …

The limited success in translating basic science findings into effective pain management
therapies reflects, in part, the difficulty in reliably assessing pain in experimental animals …

Experimental models of neuropathic pain (NP) typically rely on withdrawal responses to
assess the presence of pain. Reflexive withdrawal responses to a stimulus are used to …

Pain is a complex neuro-psychosocial experience that is internal and private, making it
difficult to assess in both humans and animals. In pain research, animal models are …

Background The assessment of facial expressions associated with pain has been used to
evaluate pain in humans and has recently found application in non‐human mammals …

Our limited ability to assess spontaneous pain in rodent models of painful human conditions
may be associated with a translational failure of promising analgesic compounds in to …

Rodent grimace scales have been recently validated for pain assessment, allowing
evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain. The standard scoring method is …

Facial expressions of pain have been identified in several animal species. The aim of this
systematic review was to provide evidence on the measurement properties of grimace …

Simple Summary The Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) was developed as a tool for the
measurement of pain in laboratory mice. There have been a number of studies focused on …