Nevertheless its mechanism has not been well explained yet, PM2. 5 is recognized to
exacerbate asthma. In the present study, the roles of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and …

Background Particulate matter (PM) is a major component of air pollution from emissions
from anthropogenic and natural sources and is a serious problem worldwide due to its …

Objective: Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated concentrations of ambient
particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter≤ 2.5 μm; PM2. 5) correlates with increased …

Abstract PM2. 5 can exacerbate asthma. Organic substances adsorbed on PM2. 5-rich dust
(PM2. 5rd) were inactivated by heating at 360° C. To characterize the role of organic …

Background: Epidemiological studies and mice models have demonstrated that air pollution
containing particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2. 5) exacerbates acute episodes of …

Asian sand dust (ASD) is known to exacerbate asthma, although its mechanism is not yet
well understood. In this study, when the effects on inflammatory response by LPS present in …

Rationale: Respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection is involved in asthma
pathobiology, but whether the established allergic airway inflammation compromises lung …

Background Urban particulate matter (PM) contributes to the increasing number of people
with asthma, which is closely related to the development of industrialization. Especially, PM …

PM2. 5 is the main particulate air pollutant whose aerodynamic diameter is less than 2.5
micron. The inflammation of various respiratory diseases are associated with PM2. 5 …

In humans, environmental exposure to a high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protects
from allergic asthma, the immunological underpinnings of which are not well understood. In …