Microvascular angina (MVA), historically called cardiac syndrome X, refers to angina with
nonobstructive coronary artery disease. This female‐predominant cardiovascular disorder …

Microvascular angina, also known as cardiac syndrome X, is characterized by anginal chest
pain, at least one cardiovascular risk factor, an abnormal stress test and normal coronary …

Microvascular angina (MVA) is a condition characterized by the presence of angina-like
chest pain, a positive response to exercise stress tests, and no significant stenosis of …

Microvascular angina (MVA) is defined as angina pectoris caused by abnormalities of small
coronary arteries. In its most typical presentation, MVA is characterized by angina attacks …

Microvascular angina (MVA), ie angina caused by abnormalities of the coronary
microcirculation, is increasingly recognised in clinical practice. The pathogenetic …

A MVA could be secondary to functional/structural dysfunction of the coronary
microcirculation occurring in the settings of specific cardiac diseases (eg cardiomyopathy) …

Opinion statement Microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) is an increasingly recognized
cause of cardiac ischemia and angina that is diagnosed more commonly in women. Patients …

We sometimes encounter patients with microvascular angina (MVA), a disease
characterized by anginal pain without abnormal coronary arteriographic findings or coronary …

Coronary microvascular dysfunction represents a widespread disease which is highly
disabling for the patient, who constantly presents angina. Today, it is a challenge for …

In women receiving evaluation for suspected ischemic symptoms, a" normal" diagnosis is
five times more common than it is in men. These women are often labeled as having cardiac …