Background Exposure of rhesus macaque fetuses for 24 h or neonates for 9 h to ketamine
anesthesia causes neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. The current study clarifies the …

Ketamine, a widely used pediatric anesthetic, has been associated with enhanced neuronal
toxicity in the developing brain, but mechanisms and neuronal susceptibility to neurotoxic …

Ketamine is widely used as a pediatric anesthetic. Studies in developing rodents have
indicated that ketamine-induced anesthesia results in brain cell death. Additional studies are …

Background Prolonged exposure to ketamine results in accelerated neurodegeneration and
neurocognitive deficits in the neonatal rats. Experimental models of neurodegeneration …

Previously our laboratory has shown that ketamine exposure (24h of clinically relevant
anesthesia) causes significant increases in neuronal cell death in perinatal rhesus monkeys …

Ketamine is a widely used pediatric anesthetic recently reported (C. Ikonomidou et al., 1999,
Science 283, 70–74) to enhance neuronal death in neonatal rats. To confirm and extend …

Background Systemic ketamine can trigger apoptosis in the brain of rodents and primates
during susceptible developmental periods. Clinically, spinally administered ketamine may …

Ketamine is widely used as an anesthetic, analgesic, and sedative in pediatric clinical
practice and it is also listed as an illicit drug by most countries. Recent in vivo and in vitro …

For more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent
analgesic properties. The active enantiomer is S (+)‐ketamine. Ketamine is mostly …

Background: This study was conducted to investigate, in vivo, the dose and duration effects
of ketamine administration on neuronal degeneration in the developing rat brain. Methods …