Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by manifestations and symptoms involving
systemic organs and apparatus, associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and …

Morbidity and mortality are markedly elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients as
consequence of cardiovascular risk factors clustering. Non-traditional risk factors such as …

Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology.
An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress …

Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle
disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the aging process; …

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) is a systemic disorder that
affects multiple organs and systems and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage kidney disease
(ESKD) worldwide. Approximately 30-40% of people with diabetes develop this …

Inflammation is the response of the vasculature or tissues to various stimuli. An acute and
chronic pro-inflammatory state exists in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Chronic kidney disease patient's progression to end-stage renal disease as well as their
high mortality are linked to cardiovascular disease. However, the high incidence rate of …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic
kidney disease (CKD). As traditional risk factors cannot alone explain the unacceptable high …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated to an increased risk of death, CKD progression,
and acute kidney injury (AKI) even from early stages, when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is …