There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

Memory B cells comprise a heterogenous group of cells that differ in origin and phenotype.
During the early phases of the immune response, activated B cells can differentiate into IgM …

A hallmark of adaptive immune responses is the generation of long‐lived protection after
primary exposure to a pathogen. In humoral responses, this protection stems from a …

In the humoral response, short-lived plasmablasts generate an early burst of Ab that
probably plays an initial protective role. Simultaneously, another arm of the response is often …

Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) and memory B cells (B mem) constitute the cellular
components of enduring humoral immunity, whereas short-lived PCs that rapidly produce Ig …

T-dependent humoral responses generate long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells
(PCs) predominantly through germinal center (GC) reaction. In human and mouse, memory …

Cell fate decisions during early B cell activation determine the outcome of responses to
pathogens and vaccines. We examined the early B cell response to T-dependent antigen in …

Memory B cells play essential roles in the maintenance of long-term immunity and may be
important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, but how these cells are distinguished …

Immunological memory is the phenomenon whereby B and T cells have the unique ability to
respond with heightened kinetics and efficacy to subsequent encounter with Ag relative to …

Despite their critical role in long-term immunity, the life span of individual memory B cells
remains poorly defined. Using a tetracycline-regulated pulse-chase system, we measured …