We review the state of the art in optogenetics—the use of light to control processes in cells,
tissues, and intact (often behaving) organisms. We focus on the available genetically …

Optogenetics is a rapidly evolving field of technology that allows optical control of genetically
targeted biological systems at high temporal and spatial resolution. By heterologous …

Genetically encoded optogenetic tools are increasingly popular and useful for perturbing
signaling pathways with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells. Here, we show …

Light is fundamental to life on earth. Therefore, nature has evolved a multitude of
photoreceptors that sense light across all kingdoms. This natural resource provides synthetic …

Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetics represents a breakthrough technology capable of dynamically modulating
molecular and cellular activity in live cells with high precision. This transformative …

Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues,
and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of …

Optogenetics combines optical and genetic techniques to manipulate neural activity. Genetic
techniques are used to transduce neurons of interest in the brain with light-sensitive …

Optogenetic modules offer cell biologists unprecedented new ways to poke and prod cells.
The combination of these precision perturbative tools with observational tools, such as …

DOI: 10.1002/adbi. 202100776 messenger-producing enzymes, light-inducible
transcriptional regulators, or tools to steer the translocation of proteins between different …