The concept of local renin–angiotensin systems has been introduced almost 20 years ago to
explain the beneficial blood pressure-independent effects of ACE inhibitors and AT1 …

The traditional concept of the renin-angiotensin system is a circulation-borne endocrine
system whose components are secreted by different organs, ie, renin from the kidney …

The implication of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular
system has been well known for many years. Accordingly, many pharmaceutical inhibitors …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating arterial pressure,
blood volume, thirst, cardiac function, and cellular growth. Both a circulating and multiple …

Since the first identification of renin by Tigerstedt and Bergmann in 1898, the renin-
angiotensin system (RAS) has been extensively studied. The current view of the system is …

These studies suggest that the intracellular renin–angiotensin system is an important
component of the local system. Alternative mechanisms of angiotensin II synthesis and …

A direct, continuous, and independent relation between blood pressure and the incidence of
various cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, is now well …

Research on the regulatory actions of the renin-angioten-sin system (RAS) continues to
provide a wealth of information on how cells maintain their internal homeostatic …

Recently, several novel aspects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were described,
which potentially may change the therapeutic strategy to treat cardiovascular disease, in …

▪ Abstract Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including
heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and …