Background: Findings regarding the prevalence of vascular comorbidities in multiple
sclerosis (MS) are conflicting. Objective: The objective of this review is to estimate the …

Objective: Vascular dysfunction and shared risk factors may lead to an increased risk of
arterial and venous vascular disease in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this …

Vascular comorbidities are common in the general population and are associated with
adverse health outcomes. In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), an increasing amount of …

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may have a higher risk of cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) than the general population, but data are limited. Methods: We conducted a …

Background: Despite the importance of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), methods for
comorbidity assessment in MS are poorly developed. Objective: We validated and applied …

To investigate the occurrence of vascular comorbidities before and after the clinical onset of
multiple sclerosis. In this combined case–control and cohort study, all Danish born citizens …

Background Recent data on rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients after MS
diagnosis are sparse. Objective To describe incident CVD in MS patients after diagnosis …

Importance People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with an increased risk of
cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, evidence from population-based studies is …

Background: Although the adverse effects of vascular comorbidities are increasingly
recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS), the epidemiology of these conditions remains poorly …

Background: Studies of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS) have the potential to improve our understanding of the etiology of and the …