Handwritten text offers challenges that are rarely encountered in machine-printed text. In
addition, most problems faced in reading machine-printed text (eg, character recognition …

Automated recognition of unconstrained handwriting continues to be a challenging research
task. In contrast to the traditional role of handwriting recognition in applications such as …

CAPTCHAs (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart)
are in common use today as a method for performing automated human verification online …

BACKGROUND 0001. There are many Internet or web based services that have a need to
distinguish between a human and a computer user interacting with the service. For example …

By convention, CAPTCHA is an automated test that humans can pass but current computer
programs can′ t. In general, the research on CAPTCHA and Human Interactive Proofs is …

CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)
are widespread security measures on the World Wide Web that prevent automated …

The recognition of unconstrained handwriting continues to be a difficult task for computers
despite active research for several decades. This is because handwritten text offers great …

Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) are automatic reverse Turing tests designed to distinguish
between various groups of users. Completely Automatic Public Turing test to tell Computers …

Nowadays, it is hard to find a popular Web site with a registration form that is not protected
by an automated human proof test which displays a sequence of characters in an image …

Nowadays, a great amount of information is circulated through the Internet. Some of them
exclusively belongs to a special group of users and requires protection and safeguarding …