Background—Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) carried by Na+-Ca2+-exchange current
(INCX) in response to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak can promote atrial fibrillation …

Rationale: Although research suggests that diastolic Ca2+ levels might be increased in atrial
fibrillation (AF), this hypothesis has never been tested. Diastolic Ca2+ leak from the …

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common human cardiac arrhythmia, is associated with
abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling. Diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic …

Rationale: Abnormal calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is considered an
important trigger of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whereas increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent …

Background—Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) may play an important role in
triggering and/or maintaining atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Protein …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by sustained high atrial activation rates and
arrhythmogenic cellular Ca2+ signaling instability; however, it is not clear how a high atrial …

Background—Electrical, structural, and Ca2+-handling remodeling contribute to the
perpetuation/progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent evidence has suggested a role for …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia. As the most important risk
factor for embolic stroke, AF is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Despite …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently encountered clinical arrhythmia and is associated
with increased morbidity and mortality. Ectopic activity and reentry are considered major …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …