Relativistic runaway electrons are generated in the tokamak device when electrons are
continuously accelerated by an electric field to high energy that overcomes the deceleration …

The generation of runaway electrons is a complex and important phenomenon that impacts
many areas of plasma physics. Due to the decrease of electron collision frequency with …

Runaway electrons (REs) created during tokamak disruptions pose a threat to the reliable
operation of future larger machines. Experiments using shattered pellet injection (SPI) have …

This study systematically explores the parameter space of disruption mitigation through
shattered pellet injection in ITER with a focus on runaway electron dynamics, using the …

Disruptions in a large tokamak can cause serious damage to the device and should be
avoided or mitigated. Massive gas or killer pellet injection are possible ways to obtain a …

In a tokamak disruption, a substantial fraction of the plasma current can be converted into
runaway electrons. Although these are usually highly relativistic, their total energy is initially …

Among the most important questions given a thermal collapse event in a burning plasma
experiment such as ITER, is that of how many seed electrons are available for runaway …

We report on the first demonstration of dissipation of fully avalanched post-disruption
runaway electron (RE) beams by shattered pellet injection in the DIII-D tokamak. Variation of …

One of the important problems of a tokamak fusion reactor is the possible damage caused
by disruption generated runaway electrons. The avalanching process of secondary …

The secondary generation of runaway electrons is a fundamental physical phenomenon.
Secondary generation is the process in which already existing high energy runaway …