Cytokines and growth factors regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and
apoptosis, and play important roles in coordinating growth signal responses during …

Cytokines are necessary for cell communication to enable responses to external stimuli that
are imperative for the survival and maintenance of homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cytokine …

A considerable number of genes that code for AU-rich mRNAs including cytokines, growth
factors, transcriptional factors, and certain receptors are involved in both chronic …

Control of mRNA half-life plays a central role in normal development and disease. Several
pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer, tightly correlate with deregulation …

Colon cancer progression is characterized by activating mutations in Ras and by the
emergence of the tumor-promoting effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling …

Many oncogenes, growth factor, cytokine and cell-cycle genes are regulated post-
transcriptionally. The major mechanism is by controlling the rate of mRNA turnover for …

Post‐transcriptional control of gene expression is aberrant in cancer cells. Sustained
stabilization and enhanced translation of specific mRNAs are features of tumor cells. AU …

Traditionally, cancer is viewed as a disease driven by genetic mutations and/or epigenetic
and transcriptional dysregulation. While these are undoubtedly important drivers, many …

Almost 10% of mammalian coding mRNAs contain in their 3'untranslated region a sequence
rich in adenine and uridine residues known as AU-rich element (ARE). Many of them …

Post-transcriptional control of cytokine gene expression is essential for rapid and transient
response to stimuli and external stress. In health, post-transcriptional control is exerted by a …