Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main immune
mechanisms which lead to bladder cancer development or treatment outcomes have yet to …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in the activation of both innate and
adaptive immunity in response to pathogens and danger signals. These receptors are …

PURPOSE: Toll-like receptors have a major role in the innate immune response. They are
expressed by immune cells and some epithelial cells. To study the role of urothelial cells in …

Objectives Adjuvant immunotherapy of bladder cancer by instillation of bacillus Calmette-
Guérin (BCG) is highly recommended within certain groups of non–muscle-invasive stages …

The function of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members has been extensively studied in
the recent decades. The TLR family is generally involved in the defense against microbial …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are usually expressed on immune cells such as macrophages,
dendritic cells, mast cells, as well as on eosinophils and some epithelial cells. They play a …

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly expressing in human immune related cells and
epithelial cells, play an essential role in the host defense against microbes by recognizing …

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the most important pattern recognition receptors in
innate immunity, play a pivotal role in inducing immune response through recognition of …

At the forefront of the battle against pathogens or any endogenously released molecules, toll‐
like receptors (TLRs) play an important role as the most noble pattern recognition receptors …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are major components of the innate immune system that recognize
the conserved molecular structures of pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns; …