Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in men and women.
Biological sex plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathological …

There are considerable data addressing sex-related differences in cardiovascular system
aging and disease risk/progression. Sex differences in cardiovascular aging are evident …

Exercise is a major challenge for cardiovascular apparatus since it recruits chronotropic,
inotropic, pre-load, and afterload reserves. Regular physical training induces several …

Routine exercise leads to cardiovascular adaptations that differ based on sex. Use of
cardiac testing to screen athletes has driven research to define how these sex-based …

Purpose of review The number of female athletes participating in sports has increased
exponentially over the past century. While cardiac adaptations to exercise have been well …

Increasing data suggest that there are sex differences in ventricular and vascular
adaptations to aerobic (endurance) exercise, which may be attributed to different physical …

There have been ongoing efforts by federal agencies and scientific communities since the
early 1990s to incorporate sex and/or gender in all aspects of cardiovascular research …

Clinical findings show sex differences in the manifestation of a number of cardiovascular
diseases (CVD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely …

Exercise is a major challenge for the cardiovascular apparatus, since it has to provide
adequate oxygen supply to exercising muscles and to guarantee arterial blood pressure …

Epidemiological studies demonstrate disparities between men and women in cardiovascular
disease prevalence, clinical symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Enrollment of women in …