Estrogen, in the clinical setting is used primarily for contraception and hormone replacement
therapy. It has been well established that estrogen increases the risk of both arterial and …

Objective—Oral estrogen therapy increases venous thromboembolism risk among
postmenopausal women. Although recent data showed transdermal estrogens may be safe …

In the United States and other developed countries, more women die from cardiovascular
disease than from any other disease. The Nurses' Health Study, among others, has …

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major harmful effect of hormone therapy (HT) among
postmenopausal women. A large variety of HT can be used with significant differences in …

Background—Oral estrogen therapy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in
postmenopausal women. Transdermal estrogen may be safer. However, currently available …

Background Venous thromboses are well‐established complications of hormonal therapy.
Thrombosis risk is seen with both hormonal contraceptive agents and with hormone …

Convincing data from randomized trials and observational studies have demonstrated a two-
to threefold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the use of hormone …

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for post-menopausal women is known to promote
venous thromboembolism (VTE), ie, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism …

Context Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases the risk of venous thrombosis. It is not
known whether other factors influencing thrombosis add to this risk. Objective To report final …

BACKGROUND:: Women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have a 2-to 5-fold
increased risk of venous thrombosis compared with nonusers. Increasingly, evidence has …