Tumor evolution is the accumulation of various tumor cell behaviors from tumorigenesis to
tumor metastasis and is regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, despite enormous efforts to explore
cancer biology and develop anticancer therapies. The main challenges in cancer research …

The ideal in vitro recreation of the micro-tumor niche—although much needed for a better
understanding of cancer etiology and development of better anticancer therapies—is highly …

Microfluidic tumors‐on‐chips models have revolutionized anticancer therapeutic research
by creating an ideal microenvironment for cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Three-dimensional cancer-on-a-chip tissue models aim to replicate the key hallmarks of the
tumour microenvironment and allow for the study of dynamic interactions that occur during …

The emergence of immunotherapies and recent FDA approval of several of them makes
them a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. While these advancements underscore the …

Recent developments of organoids engineering and organ-on-a-chip microfluidic
technologies have enabled the recapitulation of the major functions and architectures of …

Tumors develop in intricate microenvironments required for their sustained growth, invasion,
and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the malignant or drug …

Simple Summary Various 3D in vitro tumor models are rapidly advancing cancer research.
Unlike animal models, they can be produced quickly and are amenable to high-throughput …

Tumors are a major cause of death worldwide, and much effort has been made to develop
appropriate anti-tumor therapies. Existing in vitro and in vivo tumor models cannot reflect the …