Background: Due to moisture and the anatomical complexity of the oral mucosa, it is difficult
to measure the extent of gingival melanosis in an optical manner. Therefore, we developed …

The presence of any age-related differences in gingival pigmentation associated with
smoking, particularly in a young population, remains to be fully investigated. The purpose of …

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of melanin pigmentation in attached
gingiva and cigrarette smoking. Oral examinations and a questionnaire concerning smoking …

Objectives Gingival pigmentation, the most common etiological factor of which is smoking, is
a clinical condition that causes aesthetic complaints. Due to the dose-dependent effect of …

Background: Colour of healthy gingiva is mostly determined by subjective visual
observation. The introduction of digital imaging and diagnostic tools to evaluate colour …

Background: The brownish-black pigmentation of the gingiva has been reported in several
countries. However, the available literature pertaining to the Asian population suggests that …

Objective To evaluate prevalence, distribution, intensity and extent of physiologic gingival
melanin pigmentation (GMP) in black individuals. Materials and methods For this cross …

Aim This study aimed to compare the validity and reliability of polarized and non-polarized
intraoral photography for the measurement of gingival melanin pigmentation. Materials and …

Objective: Besides genetic factors, tobacco smoking has been found to be the major cause
of oral melanin pigmentation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the …

Background: Non‐smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) absorb nicotine
and other compounds just as smokers do, and as the exposure to ETS increases, the level of …