Bacterial sigma (σ) factors are an essential component of RNA polymerase and determine
promoter selectivity. The substitution of one σ factor for another can redirect some or all of …

The initiation of transcription is the most important step for gene regulation in eubacteria. To
initiate transcription, RNA polymerase has to associate with a small protein, known as a σ …

Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors constitute a diverse family of proteins, within
the class of the sigma 70 subunit of RNA polymerase. Most members of the family studied to …

RNA polymerase (RNAP) acts at a critical juncture to link the genomic potential of an
organism to the expression of this potential as RNA, protein, and ultimately catalytic …

Highlights•Major themes shared by ECF sigma factors are highlighted.•The mechanisms of
promoter recognition are conserved among ECF sigma factors.•Most ECF sigmas are …

▪ Abstract Promoter recognition in eubacteria is carried out by the initiation factor sigma,
which binds RNA polymerase and initiates transcription. Cells have one housekeeping …

Transcription initiation is the crucial focal point of gene expression in prokaryotes. The key
players in this process, sigma factors (σs), associate with the catalytic core RNA polymerase …

Transcription is the fundamental process that enables the expression of genetic information.
DNA‐directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) uses one strand of the DNA duplex as template to …

Alternative sigma factors provide a means of regulating gene expression in response to
various extracellular changes. One such class of sigma factors appears to control a variety of …

The sigma subunit of procaryotic RNA polymerases is responsible for specific promoter
recognition and transcription initiation. In addition to the major sigma factor, σ70, in …