Groundwater is considered safe, however, the occurrence of contaminants like arsenic and
fluoride has raised a major healthcare concern. Clinical studies suggested that arsenic and …

Background Fisetin, a plant active polyphenol, is well known for its antioxidant and free
radical scavenging activities. The present study was designed to explore the detailed …

Fisetin, a natural flavonoid, has neuroprotection properties in many brain injury models.
However, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been fully explained. In the present …

Aluminum (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin that affects cerebral functions and causes
health complications. However, the role of Al in arbitrating glia homeostasis and …

Fluoride is capable of inducing neurotoxicity, but its mechanisms remain elusive. This study
aimed to explore the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in sodium …

Phytomedicine based natural flavonoids have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study …

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide in agriculture and homes.
Exposure to organophosphates is associated with neurotoxicity. Fluoxetine (FLX) is a …

Studies have shown that high exposure to fluoride (NaF) induces neurotoxicity. Rutin (RUT),
a citrus flavonoid, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti …

Abstract Background Fluoride (Fl) exposure engenders neurodegeneration and induces
oxidative stress in the brain. Therefore, the mechanism of Fl-induced neurotoxic effects …

Fluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It
is commonly added in minute quantity to drinking water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to …