2D Two-dimensional 3D Three-dimensional AC Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy CFR
Coronary flow reserve CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance CRT Cardiac resynchronization …

Conclusion Fifty years after the inception of echocardiography, its clinical applications
continue to expand. Just as progression from M-mode to 2D echocardiography …

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogenic group of diseases of the myocardium, which further
classify into primary “confined to the heart,“or secondary “related to systemic disease.” The …

Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is generally thought as a final common pathway
of several conditions leading to the same clinical phenotype. Multiple imaging modalities …

Normal left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is needed to allow adequate LV filling during
rest and exercise with normal left atrial (LA) pressure. Diastolic dysfunction, broadly defined …

For over 30 of its 50-year history, echocardiography has provided noninvasive, widely
available and inexpensive imaging. This technique now has a huge evidence base that is …

Although the overall survival of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has improved
significantly in the last decades, a non-negligible proportion of DCM patients still shows an …

Echocardiography remains the most frequently performed cardiac imaging investigation and
is an invaluable tool for detailed and accurate evaluation of cardiac structure and function …

There are many myocardial and non-myocardial conditions that cause heart failure with
normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Among them, diastolic heart failure (heart …

Modern advanced imaging techniques have allowed increasingly more rigorous
assessment of the cardiac structure and function of several types of cardiomyopathies. In …