While inequalities in science are common, most efforts to understand them treat scientists as
isolated individuals, ignoring the network effects of collaboration. Here, we develop models …

The world of science possesses an inherent inequality in the distribution of research output
and impact. Only a small minority of researchers is responsible for the majority of the …

Despite longstanding discussions and consequent improvements of gender representation
in academia, the number of women working in academic research, their performance and …

Over the last century scientific research has become an increasingly collaborative endeavor.
Commentators have pointed to different factors which contribute to this trend, including the …

Research collaboration occurs more frequently today than in the past. As a consequence,
cooperation and competition are crucial determinants of academic success. In multiauthored …

Inspired by the social and economic benefits of diversity, we analyze over 9 million papers
and 6 million scientists to study the relationship between research impact and five classes of …

Collaboration is one of the key features in scientific research. With more and more
knowledge accumulated in each discipline, individual researcher can only be an expert in …

Faculty at prestigious institutions dominate scientific discourse, producing a disproportionate
share of all research publications. Environmental prestige can drive such epistemic …

Diversity in science is necessary to improve innovation and increase the capacity of the
scientific workforce. Despite decades-long efforts to increase gender diversity, however …

Citations are important building blocks for status and success in science. We used a linked
dataset of more than 4 million authors and 26 million scientific papers to quantify trends in …