The causes of antibiotic resistance are complex and include human behaviour at many
levels of society; the consequences affect everybody in the world. Similarities with climate …

In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming famously warned of the danger of over-reliance on
antibiotics and the threat of bacteria developing resistance. 1 68 years later, his prediction …

Summary Each year, an estimated 7· 7 million deaths are attributed to bacterial infections, of
which 4.95 million are associated with drug-resistant pathogens, and 1· 27 million are …

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were first identified in the 1940s, but while new antibiotics were
being discovered at a steady rate, the consequences of this phenomenon were slow to be …

Summary In 2013, a Lancet Infectious Diseases Commission described the state of
antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Since then, greater awareness of the public health …

There has been a dearth of funding for antimicrobialresistance research including for new
treatments5, 6 and public funding agencies did not fill the void when pharma ceutical …

During the past 10 years, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae have
become a substantial challenge to infection control. It has been suggested by clinicians that …

The global problem of antimicrobial resistance is particularly pressing in developing
countries, where the infectious disease burden is high and cost constraints prevent the …

To combat the threat to human health and biosecurity from antimicrobial resistance, an
understanding of its mechanisms and drivers is needed. Emergence of antimicrobial …

Although the individual and societal consequences of antibiotic resistance spiral upwards,
coordinated action has not kept pace on a global scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has …