Introduction The synovial membrane is the main site of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA). Here several subsets of fibroblasts and macrophages, with distinct effector functions …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune condition characterized by synovitis
and joint damage. Recent findings suggest a potential link to abnormal lactate metabolism …

Lactate has long been considered a “waste” by-product of cell metabolism, and it
accumulates at sites of inflammation. Recent findings have identified lactate as an active …

During an inflammatory process, shift in the cellular metabolism associated with an increase
in extracellular acidification are well-known features. This pH drop in the inflamed tissue is …

Objective The disruption of metabolic events and changes to nutrient and oxygen availability
due to sustained inflammation in RA increases the demand of bioenergetic and biosynthetic …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, persistent autoimmune disease that causes severe
joint tissue damage and irreversible disability. Cumulative evidence suggests that patients …

For a long time after its discovery at the beginning of the 20th century, lactate was
considered a waste product of cellular metabolism. Starting in the early '90s, however …

Accumulation of lactate in the tissue microenvironment is a feature of both inflammatory
disease and cancer. Here, we assess the response of immune cells to lactate in the context …

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic and systemic autoimmune
disease characterized by persistent inflammation and hyperplasia of the synovial …

Traditionally, lactate has been considered a 'waste product'of cellular metabolism. Recent
findings have shown that lactate is a substance that plays an indispensable role in various …