Formal methods and machine learning are two research fields with drastically different
foundations and philosophies. Formal methods utilise mathematically rigorous techniques …

Formal methods and machine learning are two research fields with drastically different
foundations and philosophies. Formal methods utilise mathematically rigorous techniques …

We review state-of-the-art formal methods applied to the emerging field of the verification of
machine learning systems. Formal methods can provide rigorous correctness guarantees on …

Abstract Machine learning is a popular tool for building state of the art software systems. It is
more and more used also in safety critical areas. This demands for verification techniques …

The field of machine learning focuses on computationally efficient, yet approximate
algorithms. On the contrary, the field of formal methods focuses on mathematical rigor and …

In recent times, machine learning has gained incredible traction in the artificial intelligence
community, and neural networks in particular have been leveraged in many successful …

Deep learning has transformed the way we think of software and what it can do. But deep
neural networks are fragile and their behaviors are often surprising. In many settings, we …

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning systems indicates that
learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge such as …

Formal approaches can provide strict correctness guarantees for the development of both
hardware and software systems. In this work, we examine state-of-the-art formal methods for …

Formal Verification (FV) and Machine Learning (ML) can seem incompatible due to their
opposite mathematical foundations and their use in real-life problems: FV mostly relies on …