Abstracts Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the
major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing …

Bone mineral, adipose tissue and energy metabolism are interconnected by a complex and
multilevel series of networks. Calcium and phosphorus are utilized for insulin secretion and …

So far, the connections between obesity and skeleton have been extensively explored, but
the results are inconsistent. Obesity is thought to affect bone health through a variety of …

During the last decades, obesity and osteoporosis have become important global health
problems, and the belief that obesity is protective against osteoporosis has recently come …

Surprising new discoveries in the field of skeletal biology show that bone cells produce
endocrine hormones that regulate phosphate and glucose homeostasis. In this Review, we …

The multiple endocrine functions of bone other than those related to mineral metabolism,
such as regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and energy metabolism, have …

In recent decades, the mechanism underlying bone metabolic disorders based on energy
metabolism has been heavily researched. Bone resorption by osteoclasts plays an important …

Objective To review the recent evidence that has emerged supporting the role of bone as an
endocrine organ. Methods This review will detail how bone has emerged as a bona fide …

Thanks to integrative physiology, new relationships between organs and homeostatic
functions have emerged. This approach to physiology based on a whole organism approach …

Recent advances in understanding the role of bone in the systemic regulation of energy
metabolism indicate that bone marrow cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts, are involved in this …