We propose an integrated sampling, rarefaction, and extrapolation methodology to compare
species richness of a set of communities based on samples of equal completeness (as …

Rarefaction is a widely applied technique for comparing the species richness of samples
that differ in area, volume or sampling effort. Despite widespread adoption of sample-based …

Species richness is a fundamental measurement of community and regional diversity, and it
underlies many ecological models and conservation strategies. In spite of its importance …

Quantifying and assessing changes in biological diversity are central aspects of many
ecological studies, yet accurate methods of estimating biological diversity from sampling …

On the basis of the sampling data from an assemblage, estimation of species richness
(observed plus undetected) is statistically difficult especially for highly-diverse assemblages …

Aims In ecology and conservation biology, the number of species counted in a biodiversity
study is a key metric but is usually a biased underestimate of total species richness because …

Species richness (the number of species) in an assemblage is a key metric in many
research fields of ecology. Simple counts of species in samples typically underestimate the …

Rarefaction has long represented a powerful tool for detecting species richness and its
variation across spatial scales. Some authors recently reintroduced the mathematical …

We develop a novel class of measures to quantify sample completeness of a biological
survey. The class of measures is parameterized by an order q≥ 0 to control for sensitivity to …

The number of species in an area is critical to the development of evolutionary and
ecological theory from mass extinctions to island biogeography. Still, the factors influencing …