The successful isolation of a human influenza virus in 1933 was soon followed by the first
attempts to develop an influenza vaccine. Nowadays, vaccination is still the most effective …

Introduction: Current influenza vaccines can prevent disease caused by influenza viruses
but require annual administration and almost yearly reformulation. An attractive alternative …

Highlights•The M2 ectodomain adopts multiple conformations.•M2e vaccines are highly
immunogenic in humans.•Anti-M2e antibodies can most likely control influenza infection in …

Human influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, licensed influenza
vaccines offer satisfactory protection if they match the infecting strain, but they come with …

Influenza vaccines used today are strain specific and need to be adapted every year to try
and match the antigenicity of the virus strains that are predicted to cause the next epidemic …

The influenza A virus matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) is a universal influenza A vaccine
candidate. Numerous studies in laboratory mice, but very few in natural influenza A virus …

The influenza A virus was isolated for the first time in 1931, and the first attempts to develop
a vaccine against the virus began soon afterwards. In addition to causing seasonal …

The extracellular-domain of influenza Matrix 2 protein (M2e) is considered as a putative
target for designing universal influenza vaccines. However, the mechanism by which M2 …

The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is an attractive target for a
universal influenza A vaccine: the M2e sequence is highly conserved across influenza virus …

Matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a broadly
protective influenza vaccine. M2e-based vaccines against human influenza A provide only …