Ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant drug, has been used to treat major depressive
disorder and bipolar disorder (BD). Recent studies have shown that ketamine may increase …

Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic, has been used in the treatment of major depressive
disorder (MDD) as a rapid acting antidepressant drug. Recent studies have shown that …

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, affecting∼ 2% of the worldwide
population, for which the etiological basis, pathogenesis, and neurocircuitry remain poorly …

The discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine has arguably been the most
important advance in depression treatment. Recently, it was reported that repeated long …

A debilitating mental disorder, major depressive disorder is a leading cause of global
disease burden. Existing antidepressant drugs are not adequate for the majority of …

Background: Evidence suggests that mammalian target of rapamycin activation mediates
ketamine's rapid but transient antidepressant effects and that glycogen synthase kinase-3β …

Studies have pointed to a relationship between MAPK kinase (MEK) signaling and the
behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs. So, in the present study we examined the …

Lithium (Li) is the main mood stabilizer and acts on multiple biochemical targets, leading to
neuronal plasticity. Several clinical studies have shown that tamoxifen (TMX)–a protein …

Ketamine has been found to have rapid, long-lasting antidepressant effects in treatment-
resistant (TR) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, we have also shown …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, prevalent, and highly debilitating psychiatric illness
characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizing agents such as …