Although CD4+ T cell" help" is crucial to sustain antiviral immunity, the mechanisms by
which CD4+ T cells regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection remain …

T cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections. Although CD4+ T cells are critical for
controlling viral load during chronic viral infections, less is known about their differentiation …

Chronic infection with persistent antigenic stimulation results in the generation of exhausted
CD8+ T cells, which are considered defective effector CD8+ T cells, and thus compromises …

Reinvigorating the function of exhausted CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection and
cancer is a major goal of current immunotherapy regimens. Here, we discuss recent …

CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of cytotoxic effector function in infection, cancer and
autoimmunity. In cancer and chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells undergo a progressive loss …

CD 8+ T cells play an important role in controlling pathogenic infections and are therefore
key players in the immune response. It has been shown that among other factors CD 4+ T …

CD4 T cells that acquire cytotoxic phenotype and function have been repeatedly identified in
humans, mice, and other species in response to many diverse pathogens. Since CD4 …

During chronic viral infection, the inflammatory function of CD4 T-cells becomes gradually
attenuated. Concurrently, Th1 cells progressively acquire the capacity to secrete the …

Based on T cell subset depletion studies and the analysis of gene knockout mice, it is
evident that CD8+ T cells contribute to resistance against intracellular infections with certain …

In response to acute infections or vaccines, naive antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells proliferate
and differentiate into effector cytotoxic lymphocytes that acquire the ability to kill infected …